| 1952 , The Muslim Architecture of Egypt I, Ikhshids and Fatimids, A | After the accession of the fourth Fatimid caliph, al-Mu'izz 953- 975 , a cultivated and energetic ruler who found an able second in Jawhar, an ethnic Greek, conditions for conquest of Egypt improved |
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| Bloom, Jonathan 2007 , "Ceremonial and Sacred Space in Early Fatimid Cairo", in Bennison, Amira K | 2007 , , in Hefner, Robert W |
| Syrian Ismailism: The Ever Living Line of the Imamate, AD 1100-1260 | Blair, Sheila 2000 , , in Tracy, James D |
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| Arab historians called these Western Byzantines as Rumis , in the sense he was brought as a slave to Qayrwan, the then capital of the Fatimids in the North Western Africa | 1959 , The Muslim Architecture of Egypt II, Ayyubids and Early Bahrite Mamluks, A |
Jawhar was a European mamluk of Greek origin.