| Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Zoryan Institute | Henham, Ralph J; Behrens, Paul 2007 |
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| Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society | 7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, 1911 , 3; Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire…• Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, 2008, p |
Politics and Demography: Armenians, Turks, and Kurds in the Ottoman Empire.
| Arnold Bennett, 1994, , p | : When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930 |
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